Kenwood TM-451A Manual do Utilizador

TM-251A/251ETM-451A/451E144, 430/440 MHz FM TRANSCEIVERINSTRUCTION MANUALKENWOOD CORPORATION©PRINTED IN JAPAN B62-0455-08(K, P, E, M) 94/12 11 10 9876

PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATIONWhen operating mobile, do not attempt to configure your transceiver or change Menu settings while driving because it i

PACKET OPERATIONOne of the most exciting benefits of owning an FM transceiver nowadays is the ability to use it for VHF or UHF Packet radio. TM-251/45

MAINTENANCEGENERAL INFORMATIONYour transceiver has been factory aligned and tested to specification before shipment. Under normal circumstances, the t

SERVICE NOTEDear YUOM,If you desire to correspond on a technical or operational problem, please make your note short, complete, and to the point. Help

TROUBLESHOOTINGThe problems described in this table are commonly encountered operational malfunctions. These types of difficulties are usually caused

Problem Symptom Probable CauseCorrective ActionPageRef.No sound comes from the speaker even though the VOL control is turned clockwise.1 The squelch

Problem SymptomProbable CauseCorrective ActionPageRef.The frequency cannot be changed by the Tuning control or the microphone [UP]/[DWN] buttons.Memor

Problem SymptomProbable CauseCorrective ActionPageRef.You cannot cancel Reverse. Since Transmit Offset is ON, canceling Reverse would move the receive

Problem SymptomProbable CauseCorrective ActionPageRef.The transceiver does not respond correctly after you press button combinations per instructions

Problem SymptomProbable CauseCorrective ActionPageRef.Packet operation results in no connects with other stations.1 Physical connections between the t

OPTIONAL ACCESSORIESMC-45/45EMultifunction MicrophoneMC-45DM/45DMEMultifunction Microphone with DTMF KeysTSU-8CTCSS unitME-1Memory Expansion UnitMB-1

2 Position the transceiver in the bracket to determine the best viewing angle.3 Insert and tighten the supplied hexagon SEMS screws and washers. The

PS-33Regulated DC Power SupplyPG-3GDC Line Noise Filter (High capacitance type)PG-3BDC Line Noise FilterPG-2NDC Power CablePG-5A MJ-88Data Cable Mic

OPENING THE TRANSCEIVER1 Turn off the power to the transceiver.INSTALLING OPTIONSINSTALLING THE TSU-8 CTCSS UNIT1 Open the transceiver.2 Remove the 2

INSTALLING THE ME-1 EXPANSION MEMORY UNIT1 Open the transceiver (page 104J.2 Hold the ME-1 unit with the large 1C facing upward and insert the conne

SPECIFICATIONSGeneralTM-251A/251ETM-451A/451EFrequency rangeMain band144.000-147.995 MHz’438.000-449.995 MHz^Sub-band (receive)438.000-449.995 MHz^144

TransmitterTM-251A/251ETM-451A/451EPower outputHigh50 W35 WMidApprox. 10 WApprox. 10 WLow Approx. 5 WApprox. 5 WModulationReactanceSpurious emissions-

GLOSSARYAPO (Automatic Power Off)A function that automatically turns OFF the transceiver after some period of inactivity.Auto Page CancelA function th

CallA^FO ScanA scan function that allows alternate monitoring of the Call channel and the current VFO frequency. The current VFO frequency is the freq

Frequency stepThe size of frequency change produced by turning the Tuning control one position or pressing the microphone [UP] or [DWN] button one tim

Memory StorageA function that saves an operating frequency and associated data into a memory channel. See "Memory channel".Memory -> VFO

PacketThis transceiver is equipped with a connector on the Rear Panel designed specifically for Packet operation. Packet is a data communications mode

Dismantle fuse holder.Passenger compartmentTo prevent the risk of short circuits, disconnect other wiring from the negative { —) battery terminal befo

ReverseA function that switches the transmit and receive frequencies.ScanThe general term for several functions that allow a series of frequencies or

Sub-bandTransceiver LockA band on which this transceiver is only capable of receiving. No transmit functions are possible on a Subband. See Main Band

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDEThis guide assumes your transceiver is currently in VFO mode.FunctionMenuActionPagePower ON/OFF —[PWR]28AM/FM Mode’A"spade&q

FunctionMenuActionPageChannel DisplayB No. 59 Menu Set-up45CTCSS • Select—[F], [TONE/CTCSS] ->Tuning/[UP]/[DWN] [TONE/CTCSS]74• ON/OFF — ON : [TONE

Function Menu ActionPageDTSS • Store —[DTSS] -^[F], [DTSS] -^Tuning/[UP]/[DWN]/Keypad2 [DTSS]76• Delay (split)B No. 53Menu Set-up76• ON/OFF—[DTSS]75•

FunctionMenu ActionPageMemory • Store simplex__Select data -^[F] ->Tuning/[UP]/[DWN] ->[MR]39• Store split—Select RX data ^[F] -^Tuning/[UP]/[DW

Function MenuActionPageMicrophone connector receive audio (RD)B No. 58Menu Set-up71Monitor Function • Select—Microphone [PF]70• Assign to PFI—[F]+ POW

FunctionMenuActionPage• Open PageB No. 52Menu Set-up 85• Delay (split)B No. 53Menu Set-up 83Programmable Function(PF) Keys • Assign PF1—[PF]+ POWER ON

FunctionMenuActionPage• Transmit Hold (1750 Hz)B No. 54Menu Set-up • TM-251E/TM-451E only53Reset• Partial (VFO)—[VFO] + POWER ON46• Full (Memory) —[MR

FunctionMenu ActionPage• Call/Memory Scan —Start: [MR] -^[CALL] (1 s) Stop: [MR]“61Squelch• Noise (Threshold)—SQL control28• S-MeterA "S.SQL"

If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct the problem. After the problem is resolved, then replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses contin

FunctionMenu ActionPageVFO • Select—[VFO]32• Programmable TuningB Nos.62 (L), 63 (U)Menu Set-up33• Reset (Partial)—[VFO] + POWER ON46Volume—VOL contro

DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONPREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION OPERATIONThe following diagram illustrates how to make connections to the rear panel of the tr

► For your transceiver to fully exhibit its performance capabilities, the following optional power supply is recommended:PS-33 (20.5 A. 25% duty cycle

EXTERNAL SPEAKERACCESSORY CONNECTIONSPACKET EQUIPMENTUse an external speaker with 8 ohms impedance. The jack accepts a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2-conduct

DATA Connector PinoutPersonal computer/dumb terminalPinNumberPinNameFunction1PKDPacket data input • Transmit data from TNC to transceiver2DE Ground fo

GETTING ACQUAINTEDThe following sections describe basic functions of the Front Panel controls and buttons, Rear Panel jacks and connectors, microphone

YOUR FIRST QSOIf you tend to discard instruction manuals along with the packaging material...please don’t. The 5 steps below will get you on the air

Notice to the user:Models Covered by this ManualOne or more of the following statements may be applicable to this equipment.FCC WARNINGThis equipment

® VFO buttonProvides the following 5 functions:• VFO mode select {page 32}• Menu function select (descending order) {page 22}• VFO Scan {page 59}•

® SHIFT buttonSelects the transmit frequency offset with respect to the receive frequency {page 491. Also toggles Tone Alert ON or OFF {page 86).(DtON

REAR PANEL1-d)® ANT connectorConnect an external antenna designed for operation on the same band as this transceiver. When making test transmissions,

MICROPHONEMC-45DM/45DME©©UP button (D DWN buttonRaises or lowers the VFO frequency, the memory channel number, the Tone/CTCSS frequency, the DTSS/Page

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In Receive, acts as an S-meter to indicate the signal strength of received signals. In Transmit, acts as an RF power meter to indicate the relative tr

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MENU SET-UPMENU DESCRIPTIONMany functions on this transceiver are selected or configured via software-controlled menus instead of physical controls on

THANK YOUPRECAUTIONSWe are grateful you decided to purchase this KENWOOD FM transceiver. The TM-251/TM-451 series of mobile transceivers were develope

MENU A CONFIGURATIONMenuLabelDescriptionSelectionsDefaultPageDIM Display Brightness• 5 illumination levels (d1: brightest)OFF/d4/d3/d2/d1 d264BEEPConf

MENU B ACCESSAnytime that you want to change a function that is controlled by Menu B, use the following procedure:1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter M

MenuNoDescriptionSelections DefaultPage58Microphone Connector Receive Audio • Audio available from RD terminal while squelch is open.OFF/ONON7159Chann

CONFIRMATION BEFORE OPERATIONBefore proceeding, run through the following checklist to double check that your transceiver is ready to operate;REAR PAN

FRONT PANELControls• Are they preset as shown in the diagram? Microphone• Is a recommended microphone installed?27

RECEIVINGSWITCHING POWER ON/OFFSwitch ON the DC power supply, then press [PWR] to switch ON the transceiver.• If operating mobile, simply press [PWR]

S-Meter SquelchBy activating S-meter Squelch, you can set the squelch threshold so the squelch does not open until a signal with the same or greater s

BAND SELECTThe transceiver is equipped with a Main Band for both transmitting and receiving, plus a Sub-band for receiving only. When the Sub-band is

Select the Main Band or Sub-band by pressing[F], [REV].• When the Sub-band is selected, " + U" or" + V" appears as a reminder tha

VFO MODEThe VFO mode allows you to select operating frequencies by using the Tuning control or the microphone as explained under "SELECTING FREQU

CONTENTSFEATURES ... 1ACCESSORIES ...

Programmable VFOYou may want to set limits for the minimum and maximum frequencies that are selectable with the Tuning control, for example, to keep y

Microphone [UP]/[DWN] ButtonsUsing microphone [UP] or [DWN] for frequency selection is useful when mobiling or anytime you are not immediately in fron

FREQUENCY STEP SIZEChoosing the correct step size when operating is essential in order to select your exact receive frequency with the Tuning control

Changes In Displayed FrequenciesChanging between step sizes may result in a change of the displayed frequency. When a change occurs, and by how much,

MICROPHONE PTTTRANSMITTINGSELECTING OUTPUT POWERWhen ready to begin transmitting, press and hold [PTT] and speak in a normal tone of voice. Speaking t

TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT)It is sometimes necessary or desirable to restrict a single transmission to a specific maximum time. This feature can be useful wh

A total of 40 memory channels (1 to 40) are available for storing frequencies and related data. Each memory channel can be used either as a simplex ch

3 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP] or [DWN], to select the desired memory channel.4 Press [MR].The selected frequency and associated

RECALLING MEMORY CHANNELS Selecting Channels SequentiallyThis method allows you to select, in numerical order by channel number, all memory channels

The frequency change is only temporary because it does not alter the stored memory channel contents. You can verify this by changing frequency while a

Programmable VFO ... 33Microphone [UP]/[DWN] Buttons... 34FREQUENCY STEP SIZE ...

ERASING MEMORY CHANNELSCALL CHANNELAlthough it is possible to overwrite existing data in any of the memory channels with new data, at times you may wi

• It is possible that a memory channel may be recalled and data such as Transmit Offset, Tone, etc. are changed but not stored. If after the Call chan

Changing Call Channel Contents (Split)1 Select the desired receive frequency and associated data (Tone, CTCSS, DTSS, etc.) using VFO mode or Memory R

Certain functions cannot be used if Channel Display is activated. The following chart identifies these functions:Non-functional with Channel Display O

VersionTM-251 DefaultsVFO Frequency Frequency StepTone FrequencyMain SubMainSub MainSubCanada / U.S.A.144.000 440.0005 kHz25 kHz 88.5 Hz88.5 HzEurope1

OPERATING THROUGH REPEATERSCompared to simplex communication, you can usually transmit over much greater distances by using a repeater. Repeaters are

SELECTING OFFSET DIRECTIONAUTOMATIC TRANSMIT OFFSETThis function sets the transnnit frequency either higher (+ ) or lower ( —) than the receive freque

The TM-251E Automatic Offset is programmed as follows:European Versions145.600 145.800MHzS: Simplex50If you need to use a non-standard offset for any

REVERSE FUNCTIONTONE ACCESSEach press of [REV] switches the receive frequency and the transmit frequency. When used while monitoring a repeater, it’s

Selecting a Tone FrequencyOften a Tone frequency is required to access repeaters. For example, 88.5 Hz may be needed in the U.S.A. or Canada, and 1750

PROGRAMMABLE BAND SCAN ... 59Setting Scan Limits... 59Using Programmable Band Scan ...

European VersionsTo send 1750 Hz, "1750" must first be selected from the Tone frequency list by using the "Selecting a Tone Frequency&q

DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF) MEMORYThe following DTMF functions require an MC-45DM/DME DTMF microphone or a TH-7 transceiver. Making DTMF CallsT

Confirming Stored DTMF Numbers1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.2 Select Menu No. 65 {page 24}.3 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphon

SCANScan is a useful feature for hands-off monitoring of your favorite frequencies. After becoming comfortable with how to use all types of Scan, the

SCAN RESUME METHODSSELECTING SCAN RESUME METHODBefore using Scan, it’s necessary to decide under what condition you want your transceiver to continue

Memory Scan allows all memory channels containing data to be scanned regardless from which band the frequencies were stored.1 Press [MR] (1 s).• Sca

Band Scan allows you to scan all frequencies from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency on each band that your transceiver is capable of recei

5 Select Menu B, No. 60.• The current lower limit appears.6 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP] or [DWN], to select the desired lower

Use CallA/FO scan to monitor both the Call channel and the current VFO frequency.1 Press [VFO].2 Press microphone [CALL] (1 s).3 To cancel CallA/FO

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONSLOCKOccasionally, you may want to lock the buttons, keys and the Tuning control to prevent accidentally changing any transceiver se

PLAYBACK ... 90FULL DUPLEX OPERATION ... 91PACKET OPERATION ...

AUTOMATIC POWER OFF (APO)After a programmable time period elapses with no key entries, APO turns OFF the power; however, 1 minute before the power tur

BEEP TONEDISPLAY DIMMERThe transceiver beeps each time you press a button or key. Also, pressing [PTT] generates a beep any time transmission is not p

While using Tone/CTCSS, DTSS or Page, there are several options available for ho\w information appears on the Main Display and the smaller Sub-display

► If using Sub 2 while Tone is ON, the ToneJCTCSS frequency must be selected by turning the Tuning control or pressing microphone [UP]J[DWNJ. You cann

REMOTE CONTROLThis feature allows numerous transceiver functions to be changed conveniently from a microphone such as the MC-45DM or MC-45DME without

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.2 Select Menu No. 50 {page 24}.• The current Remote Control status appears.n r r u * fI « T • oventtjijOC

[F],[KEY] [KEY] [KEY](1 s)[F],[KEY] [KEY] [KEY](1 s)[F],[KEY] [KEY] [KEY](1 s)[F],[KEY] [KEY] [KEY](1 s)69

Configuring the PF KeysThe Programmable Function (PF) keys are the horizontal row of 4 keys located on the face of the microphone. These keys are iden

REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING TH-7KEYPAD DIRECT ENTRYThe transceiver can be controlled with the TH-7 simply by connecting the cable supplied with the TH-7 be

10 1 100 10 1 MHz MHz kHz kHz kHz3 Press keys [0] to [9] for the frequency you want.• Enter the digits in order from the most significant down to th

FEATURES ACCESSORIES• Dual band receive capability on each model in the series:TM-251A/E: 144 MHz plus 430/440 MHz TM-451A/E: 430/440 MHz plus 144 MH

Memory Channel EntryMemory Channel Entry is similar to Frequency Entry except this function is used when Memory Recall is selected. If you want to cho

USING CTCSSCONTINUOUS TONE CODED SQUELCH SYSTEM (CTCSS)The CTCSS feature is available only when the TSU-8 CTCSS unit is installed.CTCSS functions by u

DUAL TONE SQUELCH SYSTEM (DTSS)DTSS provides a more refined method than CTCSS to selectively communicate with specific stations. A total of 1000 3-dig

STORING DTSS CODESYou can store a DTSS code from 000 to 999 by using the Tuning control or the microphone. Be aware that audible DTMF tones from other

2 Select Menu No. 53 {page 24}.• The current Delay Time appears.71 C -I Jf 11MRF 1 > • 7 • ovenc :»Jr Jr3 Select a time value.• The times avai

This procedure allows you to change the default DTSS code required to use the Message Playback function,1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.2 S

PAGEOVERVIEWSimilar to DTSS, Page uses DTMF codes to address a single station or a group of stations. Page is useful when waiting to receive a call fr

Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]/[DWN], to select Page memory A.• Alternatively, if your microphone is equipped with a DTMF keypad, t

CALLING1 Tune to the prearranged frequency.2 Press [DTSS] (1 s).• "PAG" appears.• Repeating this step toggles the Page function ON and O

RECEIVING1 Tune to the prearranged frequency.2 Press [DTSS] (1 s).• "PAG" appears.You are ready to receive a call addressed with your Stat

CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS MANUALThe writing conventions described below have been followed to simplify key stroke instructions and avoid unnecessar

PAGE ANSWER-BACKPAGE CODE AND REPEATERSPage Answer-back is a confirmation signal consisting of your Station code sent by your station back to the stat

LOCKING-OUT CODESAUTO PAGE CANCELThe following explains how to inhibit the transceiver from receiving specific Page codes. Although the codes are lock

OPEN PAGEWhen both this function and Page are ON, any signal opens the squelch; however, if a correct Page code is received, the calling station’s cod

TONE ALERTTone Alert provides an audible alarm to indicate when someone is transmitting on the frequency you are monitoring.Tone Alert is an effective

CHANGING THE ALARM TONEDepending on where your station is installed and the ambient noise at your station location, you may want to change the default

MESSAGE RECORDINGAlthough the Page/Tone Alert combination is useful to keep track of who called you and when, a better idea is to make an audio record

SELECTING THE RECORDING MODESometimes you may want to continuously record the last audio that opened your transceiver squelch. This mode is similar to

PLAYBACKPlayback of the recorded messages always begins with the newest message first, i.e. the order of playback is Message 2 followed by Message 1.

FULL DUPLEX OPERATIONFull Duplex allows you to have relaxed contacts that more closely resemble conversations that you might have with somebody in per

In general, the status of functions on the Display apply to the Main Band and not the Sub-band as long as Full Duplex is selected. That is, the status